Field tools · Calculator
Airflow (CFM) Calculator
Square footage × velocity, or 400 × tons. Cross-checks against residential velocity bands and the Rule-of-400 sanity target, with a friction-rate reference table for common duct sizes.
step ±1 (·10 hold)
step ±1 (·10 hold)
step ±50
Velocity in typical residential range (400–900 FPM).
- Cross-section area: 1.000 sqft
- Equivalent round: 13.1" dia.
Reference
Friction-loss reference
Typical hairpin friction rates — ACCA Manual D / SMACNA ballparks, not a substitute for system design.
| Size | CFM (low–high) | Friction (inH₂O/100 ft) | Velocity (FPM) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6" | 60–120 | 0.12 | 600 | Branch run-out, low CFM. |
| 6" | 121–200 | 0.20 | 900 | Branch run-out, design upper end. |
| 8" | 90–180 | 0.06 | 500 | Branch run-out, typical. |
| 8" | 181–280 | 0.10 | 700 | Branch run-out, design mid. |
| 8" | 281–400 | 0.18 | 900 | Typical trunk transition. |
| 10" | 180–320 | 0.06 | 500 | Small trunk / branch. |
| 10" | 321–500 | 0.09 | 700 | Trunk mid. |
| 12" | 300–500 | 0.04 | 450 | Residential trunk, low end. |
| 12" | 501–800 | 0.07 | 650 | Residential trunk, typical. |
| 12" | 801–1100 | 0.10 | 800 | Residential trunk, upper end. |
| 14" | 500–800 | 0.04 | 500 | Large trunk / lead duct. |
| 14" | 801–1200 | 0.06 | 700 | Large trunk, design mid. |
| 16" | 800–1200 | 0.03 | 500 | Lead / trunk, low end. |
| 16" | 1201–1600 | 0.05 | 700 | Lead / trunk, design mid. |
Round and rectangular rows are for straight galvanized steel run-out / trunk. Flex duct runs fully extended (≥ 4 ft) — kinked or coiled flex roughly doubles the friction rate.
Friction rates are ACCA Manual D / SMACNA-residential ballparks — always verify against the system's design specs and your airflow probe before adjusting the blower.